The Influence Of Allelochemicals Of Pride Of Barbados (Caesalpina Pulcherrima) Seeds In Nutrition Of Swine
Keywords:
Allelochemicals, pride of barbados seeds, Caesalpina pulcherrima, nutrition, swineAbstract
Investigations into the influence of allelochemicals of Pride of Barbados (Caesalpina pulcherrima) seed meal (PBSM) processed by traditional and chemical methods and using weaner pigs was conducted. 20-pigs weighing an average of 3.7kg were fed diets made of a corn-soy reference diet and diets with 5, 10 15 and 20% inclusion of PBSM in a one way ANOVA using completely randomized design model. The feeding trial lasted a month while the experimental animals were offered feed and water ad libitum. Results on quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in the virgin and treated seed samples showed that raw seed meal contained 0.708% tannins while boiled, boiled and fermented, boiledfermented poluvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) treated gave 0.534, 0.406 and 0.360% tannin content respectively. Treated PBSM in diets did not influence performance characteristics and 100% survival rate was recorded on both the control and test diets. Biochemical indices were ascending and descending in values due to increasing levels of dietary content of PBSM. Processing PBSM had no deleterious effects on the pigs' electrolyte balance except on K+ which the significant difference was on the positive side. Summarily, treating PBSM as described and including in diets up to 20% level produced diets comparable in nutritional value with the conventional diet.
References
Adroge, H. J. and Madias, N. E. (2000). Hyponatremia. Northern England Journal of Medicine, 342, 1581-1589.
Ahmed, M. B., Hamed, A. R., Mohammed, E. A., Amro, B. H. and El-fadil, E. B. (2006). Proximate composition, antinutritional factors and protein fractions of guar gum seeds as influenced by processing treatments. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 5, 481-484.
Akinola, S. O. and Abiola, S. S. (1999). Blood chemistry and carcass yield of cockerels fed melon husk diets. Tropical Journal of Animal Science, 2 (2), 39-44.
Annongu, A. A., Meulen U. Ter, Atteh J. O. and Apata D. F. (1996). Toxikologische beurteilung von nativem und industriell fermentiertem schibutter-Oekuchen fuer die Fuetterung von Broilern. Arch. Gefluegelk. 60 (5), 221-226.
AOAC (1990). Official methods of analysis (14th ed). Washington D. C.: Association of Official Analytical Chemists
Cohn, J. N. (2000). New Guidelines for Potassium Replacement in Clinical Practice. A Contemporary Review by the National Council on Potassium in Clinical Practice. Arch. Int. Medicine, 160, 29-36.
Concon, M. and Diane, V. J. (1973). Analysis of Protein and Amino acids. London: Oxford University Press
Eggum B. O., Thorbek L., Beames R. M., Chuwa L. and Henekel S. (1982). Influence of diet and microbial activity in the digestive tract on digestibility and nitrogen and energy metabolism in rats and pigs. Poultry Journal of Nutrition, 48: 161-165.
El-Olemy, M. M., Al-Mutadi, F. J. and Abdel-Fattach, A. A. (1994). Experimental phytochemistry. A Laboratory Manual. College of Pharmacy, King Saud University. Pp. 51-53.
Fetuga, B. L., Babatunde, G. M. and Oyenuga, V. A. (1984). Nutritional value of cereal and cassava diet for growing and fattening pigs in Nigeria. Journal of Science, Food and Agriculture, 24, 1515-1523.
Ganong, W. F. (1987). Hypermagnesia. In Review of Medical Physiology. USA: Prentice Hall International Inc. 253.
Ihekoronye, A. and Ngoddy, P. (1985). Proteins: Food quality control. In Integrated Food Sciences and Technology (3rd ed). London: Macmillian Publishers, 28, 155-193.
Jeanette, E. (1987). Sorghum Quality Laboratory Manual for Use in West Africa.
Jones, D. E. (1965). Banana tannin and its reaction with polyethylene glycol. Nature, 206, 299- 300.
Khan, M. R., Nddaalio, G., Nkunja, M. H., Weavers, H. and Sawhney, A. N. (1980). Studies on the African medicinal plants part 1. Preliminary screening of medicinal plants for antifungal activity. Plant Medical Suppliment, 40, 91-92.
Monica, C. (1987). Electrolytes. In Medicinal laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries. Vol. 1, (2nd ed). Tropical Health Technology. Buttersworth: Heinemann, 548.
Morton, H. M. and Charles, R. K. (1980). Electrolytes. In Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism. 3rd (ed). New York: McGraw-Hill Inc., 727.
Nakamura, S. H., Amlal, P. J., Schuthers, J. Galla, G.E., Shill and Soleimani, M. (1999). HCO3- -reabsorption in renal collecting duct of NHE-3 -deficient mouse. A compensatory Response. American Journal of Physiology, 276, 14-21.
Okwu, D. E. and Iroabuchi, F. (2004). Photochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity screening of aqueous and ethanol root extract of Uvarra chamae beans. Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria, 2004, 112-113.
Osagie, A. U. (1998). Anti-nutritional factors. In Nutritional Quality of Plant Foods. Benin City: Ambolk Press, Nigeria, 21, 244.
Pearson, D. (1976). Chemical analysis of foods (7th ed.) London: Churchill, Livingstone.
Pollman, D. S., Damielson, D. M. and Peo, E. R. (1979). Value of high fibre diets for growing swine. Journal of Animal Science, 48, 6.
Prohp, T. P., Mendie, E. A., Madusha, A. O., Uzoaru, S. C., Aigbiremolen, A. and Onyebuagu, P. C. (2004). Cyanide contents of Pride of Barbados (Caesalpina pulcherrima) grown in different parts of Nigeria. Journal of Medical Laboratory Science, 13, 29-32.
Russel B. A., Hardin J. N., Grand L. and Traser A. (1997). Poisonous plants of North Carolina. Caesalpinia spp (Pride of Barbados). Department of Horticultural Sciences, North Carolina state University (online) http://www.ces.nesy.edu./depths [10/11/2006].
Sheng, H. W. (2000). Sodium, Chloride and Potassium. In Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of human Nutrition (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders company 686-710.
Singh, S. P. (1990). A Manual of Practical Biochemistry. Delhi: C. B. S. publishers & Distributors, 110032.
Singh, K. V. and Pattak (1994). Effects of leaf extract of some higher plants on spore germinationon Usilago maydis and Usilago nuda. Fitoterapia, 55, 318-320.
Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. (1980). Principle and Procedures of statistics (2nd edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, USA.
