Major Indigenous Languages and The Origin of Foreign Languages in West Africa
Keywords:
West Africa, foreign languages, indigenous languages, foreign culturesAbstract
The thrust of this paper is that we have different languages across West
Africa. Each of these West African countries has its culture which is
synonymous with its language as culture and language are inseparable.
On the other hand, these languages and cultures have been infiltrated by
alien or foreign cultures as a result of colonialism, religious activities
and trade. The infiltration of these alien or foreign cultures has brought
a distortion to the originality of West African languages and cultures. In
addition to the distortion of languages and cultures in West Africa are
code –switching, code – mixing of languages and Pidgin English spoken
in English speaking West Africa. The paper also takes a look at English
speaking West Africa, French speaking West Africa and Portuguese
speaking West Africa. The need to teach indigenous West African
languages and dialects to run pari pasu with foreign/second/official
languages in West Africa is a panacea so as to resuscitate extinction of
languages and dying cultures is advocated in this paper.
References
Aboyeji, O. S. (2010). Global Cultural Crisis: Implications for African Development. In Babatolu,
J. S. and Gbade, I. (eds) Trends in African Development. Ondo: Adeyemi College of
Education, Ondo State.
Adeyemi, L. (1998). The Yoruba Cultural Values and the Ideology of Feminism. Ilorin Journal of Humanities, 9
Azikiwe, U. (1998). Language Teaching and Learning. Onitsha: Africana Fep Publishers.
Dada, F. O. A. Jibrin G. M. and Ijeoma, A. (2006). Macmillan Nigeria Secondary Atlas.
Ibadan Macmillan Publishers.
Dadzie, A. B. K. (2004). Bilingualism/Multilingualism. In Dadzie, A. B. K. and Awonusi, S. (eds) Nigerian English: Influences and Characteristics. Lagos, Nigeria.
Eka, D. (1996). Multilingualism and National Unity: The Situation in Nigeria. In Omole, K. Okwudishu, A. Junaidu, I. (eds) Language, National Unity and Democratization
Process. Abuja: National Library of Nigeria Cataloguing and Publication Data
Emenanjo, E. N. (1990) Multilingualism, Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria. Agbor: Central Books Stores.
Macmillan Nigeria Social Studies Atlas (2011) Ibadan, Macmillan Publishers.
Ngharen, Z. A. Saleh, A. J. and Mua’azu, F. (2014). Ban M’da: The History, Culture and
Language of a People. Jos: Tripathite Publishers.
Okwudishu, C. (1996). Media, Culture and Local Language Teaching: Implications for
Democracy and National Development” in Omole, K. Okwudishu, A. Junaidu, I.
Language, National Unity and Democratization Policy, Abuja – Nigeria, National
Library of Nigeria Cataloguing and Publication Data
Okwudishu, C. (2002). Designing Materials for Teaching Languages. WCCI Journal Nigeria, 3, 2
Olaofe, I. A. (1996). English for National Development: a Realistic Approach. In Omole, K. Okwudishu, A. Junaidu, I. (eds) Language, National Unity and Democratization
Process. Abuja: National Library of Nigeria cataloguing and Publication Data.
Olaoye, A. A. (1990). Linguistics in Language Education. Abuja: Ogunleye Publishing and Printing Press.
Olaoye, A. A. (2007). Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Abuja: Ogunleye Publishing and
Printing Press.
Olaoye, A. A. (2008). Aspects of Applied Linguistics. Abuja: Israel Ogunleye Publishing and Printing Press.
Saleh, A. J. (2007). Phonological Interference Experienced by Mada Students Learning
English as a Second language. M. Ed Dissertation submitted to University of Abuja –
Nigeria.
Tanko, D. Z. Shamiga, G. and Armah, K. M. (2009). Nigerian Pidgin and Rebranding Nigeria. A paper presented during the 2nd North East COEASU Conference at Jalingo, Nigeria UNESCO: Intergovernmental Conference on Cultural Policies in Africa with the Cooperationof O. A. U., Accra 1975 in Okita, S. I. O. (1996) African Culture and the Search for Identity. Nigeria Magazine, Vol 54 No 1 VOA Pronunciation Guide – Nations and their Languages www.ibb.gov/ pronunciations/lang 24/11/2010
Webster’s Universal Dictionary and Thesaurus (2010), India, Geddes & Grosset Publications
Williams, D. (1990) English Language Teaching: An Integrated Approach, Ibadan Spectrum Books Ltd