Environmental Pollution and Management: Challenges, Impacts and Sustainable Mitigation Strategies

Abstract

This paper examines the sources, types, and impacts of environmental pollution, with a focus on developing effective management strategies. A conceptual and analytical approach is adopted, drawing on existing literature and empirical insights to evaluate pollution control measures and sustainable environmental management practices. Environmental pollution remains one of the most pressing global challenges, affecting ecosystems, human health, and economic sustainability. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population growth have intensified pollution levels across air, water, and land systems. The study highlights that integrated approaches involving policy enforcement, technological innovation, public awareness, and institutional collaboration are essential for mitigating pollution. The paper concludes by recommending strengthened environmental regulations, the adoption of green technologies, and community-based management strategies to ensure long-term environmental sustainability.