Identification Of Landing Site Preference Of Fully-Fed Glossina Pallidipes And Glossina Morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae)
Keywords:
Landing preference, tsetse behaviour, Bioassays, insecticides, Glossina pallidipes (GP), Glossina Morsitans (GM), hand-nets, mortalityAbstract
An experiment to identify landing sites of fully fed Glossina pallidipes and Glossina morsitans was set up at the end of the winter season in Zimbabwe at Rukomichi Research Station. Five experiments subjected to three treatments differing in duration of catch, interval of catch and landing position were performed. A mean catch of 13 was recorded for 15-minute interval catches on logs wrapped in black cloth for the same species. Site and treatment had a significant effect on mean catch levels for Glossina morsitans (LSD=0.0979) and Glossina pallidipes (LSD=0, 1409). The mean catch (1644) for both fully fed Glossina morsitans and Glossina pallidipes was highest for 15-minute interval catches on unwrapped upright logs. This was twice higher than the overall mean catch recorded for continuous catch on unwrapped upright logs indicating the repellent effect of man on Glossina morsitans and Glossina pallidipes. Unwrapped upright logs could alternatively be used to catch Glossina pallidipes and Glossina morsitans after feeding for the purpose of biological and chemical assays to determine the effectiveness of chemicals on trials. This could also avoid the rubbing effect on the animal body and hence eliminating contamination on the hand-nets
References
Austen, E. E. and Hegh, E. (1922). Tsetse flies, their characteristics, Distribution and Bionomics with some possible methods of their control. Buxton, 78-83.
Bossche, Van den P. (1996). Laboratory bioassays of Deltamethrin, topically applied, during the hunger cycle of male Glossina tachinoides. Revue d’Elevage et de Medecine veterinarie des Pays tropicaux, 49 (4): 329-333.
Chikuni O., C. F. B., Nyazema, N. Z., Polder. A., Nafstad, I. and Skaare, J. U. (1997). Assessment of environmental pollution by PCBs, DDT and its metabolites using human milk of mothers in Zimbabwe. Science of the total environment, 199 (1-2): 183-190
Child. J. (1998). Tsetse and trypanosomiasis information quarterly, Vol 21, (2), 10365-104464
Christopher, D. and John, B. (1989). Landing site preferences of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the laboratory: avoidance of horizontal features? Bulletin of Entomological Research, 521-528
Endeshaw T., Kebede A., Haddis M., Tilahun T. and Asfaw, T. (1997). The human trypanosomiasis situation in Gambella, South Western Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 11 (1): 23-28.
Green, C.H., 1986. Effects of colours and synthetic odours on the attraction of Glossina pallidipes and G. morsitans morsitans to traps and screens. Physiological Entomology, 11, (4), 411– 421.
Green, C. H. (1993). The effects of odours and target colour on landing responses of Glossina morsitans morsitans and G. pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae), Bulletin of Entomological Research, 83, 553-562
Green C. H., and Flint, S. (1986). An analysis of colour effects in the performance of the F2 trap against Glossina pallidipes Austen and G. morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 76 : pp 409-418
Hay, S. I. (1997). Remote sensing and disease control: past, present and the future. Transactions of the royal society of tropical medicine, 91 (2): 105-106.
John, B. and William, S. (1987). Landing responses of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Glossinidae & Muscidae) to black-and-white patterns: a laboratory study. Bulletin of Entomological Research (1988), 78 : pp 301-311
Lindh J. M., Torr S. J., Vale G. A. and Lehane M. J. (2009). Improving the Cost-Effectiveness of Artificial Visual Baits for Controlling the Tsetse Fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes. Issue of PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 3 (7).
Menninger R. (1996). Successful control of tsetse flies and trypanosomiasis in Cote d’Ivore: A parasitological and serological survey of selected herds. Germany: Berlin.
Mohamed-Ahmed, M. M. and Wynholds, Y. (1997). Effects of Vegetation and weather on trap catches of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes near lake Victoria, Kenya. Entomologia experimentalis et applicata, 85 (3): 231-236.
Molyneux, A. (1997). Patterns of change in vector borne diseases. Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology, 91 (7): 827-839.
Muirhed-Thomson, E. C. (1982). Behaviour patterns of blood-sucking flies (1st edition). Exeter: Wheaton and Co. Ltd.
Schillhorn Van Veen, T. W. (1997). Sense or no sense? Traditional methods of animal parasitic disease control. Veterinary parasitology, 71 (2-3): 177-194.
Toure, S. M. and Mortelmans, J. (1996). Strategy and planning of African of the African animal trypanosomiasiasis with involvement of the rural communities and the private sector. Bulletin des Séances. Academie Royale des Sciences D’outre-Mer, 42 (3): 485-512.
Vale, G.. Torr, S. and Hall, D. Mangwiro, C. (2005). General information on the biology and control of tsetse, 2005 update, Tsetse.org, index.html, Tsetse FAQ
Van den Bossche, P. and Vale, G.. (2000). Bovine Trypanosomiasis in Southern Africa, Vol. 2, Pre’ciex, Mauritius. pp 15-16, 19-21.
Warnes, M. L. (1997). Handbook for tsetse field staff. United Kingdom: Bristol.
