Conflict Management Strategies and Youth Empowerment: Perception of Eligible Voters on Resolving Political Violence in Ukanafun Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Keywords:
Concept of Youth, Conflict Management Strategies, Causes of violence, Political Violence, YouthAbstract
A survey to evaluate conflict management strategies and youth empowerment as tools for resolving political violence in the Ukanafun Local Government Area was conducted. The population comprises all the eligible voters in the Ukanafun Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A stratified random sampling technique was applied to select the participants from the eleven (11) political wards in Ukanafun Local Government Area. A structured questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. Five hundred and fifty (550) copies of the questionnaire were distributed, of which four hundred and sixty (460) were well-filled and returned for analysis. Data were analysed using frequency counts and simple percentages. It submits that conflict management leads to dialogue, while youth empowerment represents a credible alternative path toward resolving political violence, which will nurture or provide peace, equity, and development. The study recommends that youth empowerment should be incorporated into the government budgets at different levels to empower them to take an active part in the scheme of things that are meaningful to the environment.
References
Adeyemi, T. O., and Ademilua, S. O. (2012), Conflict Management Strategies and
Administrative Effectiveness in Nigeria Universities. Journal of Emerging Trends
in Educational Research and policy. Scholar link Research Institute Journal, 3(3),
-378.
Akanji, T. (2005), Perspectives on Workplace Conflict Management and New
Approaches. Brian Publishers.
Akpan, A.E. (2004). Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship. Brian Publishers.
Alert, O. (2010). The evolutionary psychology of violence. Psicothema, 22(1), 15-21.
Aminu, (2000). Guidance and counseling strategies for handling adolescent and youths
problem in Nigeria. University Press Ltd.
Angulu, S. H. (1999). Public Policy Analysis: Theoretical and Applied Approach,
Nigeria, Ogun State. Desmond Turn Publishers.
Anih, F.P. (2014). Guidance and counselling as tools for the prevention and
management of violence and terrorism in Nigeria. A paper presented at the
thAnnual National Conference of the Psychological Association of Nigeria.
University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Apam, J. 1. (2006). Ethno-religious conflicts and governance in Nigeria. An
Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Political Science University of Jos.
Cargo, M., Grams, U., Ottoson, I, Ward, P. & Green, L. (2003). Empowerment as
fostering Positive Youth Development and citizenship. American Journal of
Health behavior, 27(1), 66-79.
DahI, R. (2004). Adolescent Brain Development: A Period of Vulnerabilities and
Opportunities. Keynote Address. Annals of the New York Academy of Science
(Adolescent Brain Development: Vulnerabilities and Opportunities), 1-22.
Daly, M. and Margo, W. (2008). Male sexual jealousy. Ethology and sociobiology.
Dawes, A. (2007) Youth violence risk assessment gaps in local knowledge and
direction for future research. Journal of child and Adolescent mental health, 19(1)
-64.
Denen, G. M. (2013). Political violence and socioeconomic development in Nigeria.
MCSER-CEMAS-Sapienza University of Rome.
Duke, J. (2011).Community governance and conflict resolution as tools for managing
development in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. International Journal of
Business and Commerce, 1(1)18-31
Earl, J. T. (2004). Tear gas and taxes: toward a theory of movement repression.
Sociological theory in Ebonyi State. An Unpublished M.Ed Thesis, Department of
Education Foundation University of Nigeria.
Edeghonghon, U, P. (2007). Conflict resolution through dialogue in the Niger Delta:
Lessons from J. P. Clark’s the wives revolt.
Ejiogu, A. (2001). Challenges of Educating Nigerian Youths for the 21st Century in
Nwagwu, E. T. Ehiametator, M. A. Ogunu, Mon Nwadiani (Eds). Current Issues in
educational Management in Nigeria. Nigerian Association for Educational
Administration and Planning (NAEAP).
Goetz, A. T. (2010). The evolutionary psychology of violence. Psicothema 22 (1): 15—
Karl, C. & Schneider, G. (2011). The Socio-economic determinism of terrorism and
politic violence in Western Europe.
Kloskowska, A. (2000) ‘Analysis of Sociological Literature on Youth’ in S.N.
Kuczynski, S.N. Eisenstadt, Ly Boubakar and Lotika Sarkar (eds.) Perspective on
Contemporary Youth. Japan: TheUnited Nations University Press. P. 45
National Youth Policy (2001). Federal Government Press, Lagos, Nigeria. P. 1
Nwachukwu, C.C. (2009). Management theory and practice. Onitsha: Africana- first
publisher plc.
Nweke, P. (2015). Assessment of youth empowerment programmes in Abia State.
MED Thesis of the University of Nigenia, Nsukka.
Nwokoma, N. 1. (2005). Nigerian policy reform programme from1999 to date: a socio
economic perspective. A paper presented at a seminar organized by, the
Independence policy group held-in Abuja April 2005) 7[30].
Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation (2005). Youth and Conflict: A Toolkit
for Intervention. Washington, DC: Office of Conflict Management and Mitigation
(USAID).
Okpoko, J. A. (2002).Empowering Women for community development through nonformal education (NFE). Journal of Adult Education and Development, P. 78
Olajire, A.A and Oluflinke, C. 0. (2013). Entrepreneurship education and youth
empowerment in contemporary Nigeria. Scholarly Journal of Education 2(5) 52-
Oluwagbohunmi, M. F. (2012). Educating for national development through Social in
the 21st century Nigeria. Cenres in Publications. P. 65
Onongha, G. 1. (2015). Influence of parent- adolescent conflict on adolescent academic
performance in Oriade Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria. International
Journal of Educational Research and Information Science, 2(1): 61-66.
Oswell, D. (2000). A Question of Belonging, Television, Youth and the Domestic. In
Tracey Skelton and Gill Valentine (eds.) Cool Places: Pp. 65
Raul, C. and Schneider, G. (2010). The Socioeconomic determinism of Terrorism and
political violence in Western Europe.
Rogers, E. O. (2001). World report on violent and health and allied science. Report.
social context of adult learning in Africa. Cape Town: Pearson Education South
Africa & UNESCO UIE. Studies: Emerging Academy Resources, 2(2), 67-71.
Tosini, D. (2009). A sociological understanding of suicide attacks. Theory culture
society. 26, 67-96.
Uchendu, C, C, Anijaobi- Idem, F.N and Odigwe F. N, 2013: Conflict Management and
Organisational Performance in Secondary Schools in Cross River State. Research
Journal in Organisational Psychology and Educational. P. 65
United Nations (2007). ‘World Youth Report 2007- Young People’s Transition to
Adulthood: Progress and Challenges. United Nations, New York.
United Nations (2008). The World Youth Report: The Global Situation of Young
People. United Nations.
United Nations (2010). World Youth Report -Youth and Climate Change, United
Nations.
United Nations Programme on Youth (2011). Youth Participation in Development:
Summary Guidelines for Development Panthers. Youth Participation in
Development Guide.
Uwa, K L. (2014). ‘Conflict management strategies and employees’ productivity in a
Nigerian State Civil Service.” Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 2(4),
p 90-93.
Uzochukwu, N. J. (2014). Appraisal of early children education programme
implementation in Enugu State. Unpublished Postgraduate Thesis, Department of
Educational Foundations, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Valrus, J., and Fletcher, A. (2006). Guide to Social Change led by and with Young
People. The Free
WHO (2002) World Report on Health and violence. WHO, Genera, available at
www.whointMolenceinjuiyprevention.violence!world
WuIff, H. (2000). Introducing Youth Culture in its Own Right: The State of Art and the
New Possibilities. Vered Amit-talai and Helena Wuiff (pp. 600-604).
Wyrick, P. (2006). Gang prevention. How to make the front end of your anti-gang
effort work. United State Attorney’s Bulletin 54, 3.