Phytochemical Properties and Hypoglycemic Activity of the Aqueous Plant Extract Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on Blood Glucose Level in Normoglycemic Wistar Albino Rats
Keywords:
Vernonia amygdalina, Zingiber officinale, phytochemical screening, hypoglycemicAbstract
The Phytochemical properties and hypoglycemic activity of the aqueous plant extract Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (ginger) on blood glucose in Wistar albino rats were studied. The result of the phytochemical analysis of Vernonia amygdalina revealed that cardenoloids, flavonoids, Saponin glycoside carbohydrates, and terpinoids, Cardiac glycosides are present, while alkaloids, tannins and anthraquinones were absent. The phytochemical analysis of Zingiber officinale revealed alkaloids, tannins, saponin glycoside carbohydrate, terpinoids, cardiac glycosides, and flavonoids present, while cardenolides and anthraquinones were absent. At 12 hours, post administration the rats treated with 800 mg/kg of the extracts had significant (p > 0.05) blood glucose decrease of 3.54 + 0.61, 3.62 + 0.29, and 3.88 + 0.61 Mmol/L, respectively when compared with the zero values of 5.00 + 0.34, 5.34 + 0.44 and 5.48 + 0.66 Mmol/L.
References
Abdel–Zaher AO, Salim, SY, Assaf MH et al. (2005). Antidiabetic activity and toxicity of Zizyphus spina–christi leaves. J. Ethnopharmacol. 101(1– 3): 129–138.
Acampora, B., Jackson, R.A., Hamburg, J.B., Blix, P. M. and Hawa, M.I. (2002). The influence of hyperglycaemia on glucose uptake and other metabolic responses. J. Clin. Endocrinol. and Metabolism, 63 (30): 594 – 604.
Ahmad, M., Aktar, M.S., Malik, T. and Gilani, A.H. (2000). Hypoglycaemic action of the flavonoids fraction of Cuminum seeds. Phytotherap. Res., 14: 103–106.
Asatoor, A.M. and King, E.J. (1954). Estimation of blood glucose. J. Biochem., 21:56.
Barrera G. (2012). Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products in cancer progression and therapy. ISRN. Oncol. Pp 1–21.
Chakravarti, B.R., Gupta, S., Gambhir, S.S. and Gode, K.D. (1980). An extract of the Mesocarp of fruits of Balanitesaegyptiaca exhibited a prominent anti-diabetic property in mice. Chemical Pharmacol Bulletin, 39: 1229 – 1233.
Duncan, AE (2012). “Hyperglycemia and Perioperative Glucose Management. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 18 (38): 6195-6203.
Elzebroek, A.T.G and Wind, K (2008). Guide to cultivated plants. CAB International, Oxfordshire, Wallingford, Pp 276–279.
Huang, X.I., Fu, J.F. and Di, D.L. (2010). Preparative isolation and purification of steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni using high-speed counter-current chromatography, Sep Purif Technol., 71(2): 220-24
Ian, W.C. and Soon, S. (2006). Effect of Arachis hypogea in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol., 9(6): .553 – 555.
Johri, R.K. and Singh, C. (1997). Medicinal uses of Vernonia species. J. Med. and Aromatic Plant Sci., 19: 744–752.
Kamel, M.S., Ohtani, K. and Kurokawa, T. (1991). Studies on Balanites aegyptiaca fruits, an antidiabetic Egyptian folk medicine. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 39: 1229 – 1233.
Kar, A., Choudhary, B.K., Bandyopadhyyay, N.G. (2003). Comparative evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of some Indian medicinal plants in Alloxan diabetic rats. Indian J. Ethnopharmacol., 84: 105 – 108
Kumar, D.S, Sharathnath, K.V, Yogeswaran P et al. (2010).Medicinal Potency of Momordica charantia. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 1(2): 18.
Kunyanga, C. N., Imungi, J. K., Okoth, M., Momanyi, C., Biesalski, H. K. and Vadivel, V. (2011). Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of condensed tannins in acetonic extract of selected raw and processed indigenous food ingredients from Kenya. Journal of Food Science, 76(4), 560-567
Laakso, M. (2006). Sustained reduction in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes of Lifestyle Intervention. Lancet, 368: 1673 – 1679.
Manach, C., Scalbert, A., Morand, C., Remesy, C. and Jimenez, L. (2013). Polyphenols: Food sources and bioavailability, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 79(5): 727-747.
Mead, R. and Curnow, R.N. (1982). A Simple Experiment in Statistical Method in Agriculture Biology. Chapman Hall, London, Pp 33-46.
National Institute of Health (NIH) (1985). Guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. Department of Health Services. Publication No. 83-23.
Odebiyi, O.O and Sofowora, E.A. (1978). Phytochemical screening of Nigerian medicinal plants II. Lloydia, 41(3), 234 – 246.
Platel, K. and Srinivasan, K. (1997). Plant foods in the management of diabetes mellitus: Vegetables as potential hypoglycaemic agents. Nahrung. 41(2), 68–74.
Patel P S, Mishra A, Maurya R, Saini D, Panday J, et al. (2015). Naturally occurring Carbazole alkaloids from Murrayakoenigii as potential anti-diabetic agents, J Nat Prod, 79(5):1225 – 1484.
Sharma, B., Salunke, R., Balomajumder, C., Daniel, S. and Roy, P. (2009). Anti-diabetic potential of alkaloid-rich fraction from Capparis deciduas on diabetic mice, J. Ethnopharmacol., 127: 457-462.
Silva, R.M., Oliveira, F.A., Karina, M.A., Juliana, C.L., Aparecida, M.M.A, et al. (2005). Cardiovascular effects of transdehydrocrotonin, a diterpene from Croton cajucara in Vasc. Pharmacol., 43(1): 11-18.
Trease, G.E. and Evans, M.D. (1989). A Textbook of Pharmacognosy. (13th Ed), Baillier, Tindal and Caussel. London. 176 -180.
Verma N, Shakya V K and Saxena R C. (2008). Antidiabetic activity of glycoside isolated from Gymnemasylvestre in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, Asian J Chem, 20(7), 5033-5036.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Health and Medical Information (IJHMI)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
